Some people may at times wrongly group special need kids into one general category. This could be because they might not know the difference. Or worse, they aren’t even aware that there are any differences to begin with.
But not all special needs kids are the same, despite some overlap in their symptoms. One of the commonly interchanged ones are between autism and Down syndrome.
In conjunction with World Autism Awareness Day, celebrated annually every April 2, let’s learn the differences together, shall we?
Autism and Down Syndrome
Before we take a look at their differences, let’s find out what Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome (DS) are. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by abnormal cell division, specifically of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material is what causes the typical symptoms that are so well-known among DS kids. Aside from the tell-tale facial features, DS children also have delayed mental developments, are more prone to diseases and have shorter lifespans. They may also have learning disabilities and physical disabilities.
ASD, autism or autistic spectrum disorder is a neurological condition characterised by difficulty in communication, strange, repetitive behaviour and hyper- or under-sensitivity to their surroundings. When compared to a child with typical development, ASD children are not that much different, at least physically. Intellectually, ASD kids have difficulty socialising and communicating and may have certain quirks that set them apart from everyone else. Many people often mistake these quirks as tantrums, rudeness or bad behaviour.
Differences Between Autism and Down Syndrome
Physical Attributes
The biggest superficial difference that you can immediately see between DS and ASD kids is their facial features and body composition. Due to the extra chromosome, DS kids exhibit an overexpression of certain facial structures; upward slanting eyes, flat nose and face, short neck, and a thin upper lip. Depending on the severity of the condition, some features may not be as noticeable as others. ASD kids and DS kids also have different body compositions. ASD kids have the same physiological traits and potential as any other child without the condition. DS kids on the other hand have low muscle tone, a small stature and a deep crease across their palms.
Condition
While the cause of DS has been scientifically verified (extra chromosome), scientists are still baffled by ASD. Until now there has not been an official cause. We only know obscure environmental factors or a combination of factors may increase the risk of a child developing the disorder. Another thing that separates the two conditions is that DS is a genetic disorder, whereas ASD is a neurological disorder.
Diagnosis
DS kids are diagnosed much sooner than ASD kids—usually through an antenatal screening test such as an ultrasound. This means that doctors are able to detect if your baby has DS even when they’re still in the womb. However, a secondary test called an amniocentesis is performed to confirm the diagnosis using genetic samples. For autistic kids, the diagnosis may come much later in life, depending on the parent, or go undiagnosed entirely. Moreover, diagnosing ASD kids can be a challenge because there are no cut and dry genetic or medical tests that can confirm the condition.
Communication
As hard as it is to believe this, DS kids don’t have as much a problem with communicating as autistic kids do. DS kids are able to understand social cues, maintain eye contact and enjoy human touch. All of which may be difficult and sometimes impossible for the autistic child. DS kids are also capable of interacting verbally and physically with adults and peers, whereas autistic kids are rarely vocal. While autistic kids are generally indifferent to other people, DS kids are able to show interest in socialising.
Spectrum
ASD, much like the name suggests (Autistic Spectrum Disorder) lies on a ‘spectrum’. Those at the lower end of the spectrum may not exhibit many of the tell-tale signs of autism that they fly under the radar. On the other hand, those at the other end may experience symptoms so severe that it’s impossible to miss the diagnosis. While there are three levels or ‘types‘ of DS, DS presents the same symptoms that is common throughout all those who have it.
Setting the Record Straight About Special Needs Children
This may be surprising to hear if you’re not someone who has in-depth experience with special needs kids, but some of them can have dual diagnosis. ADS children may also, on rare occasion, also have autism. This presents a unique challenge since the child is faced with two developmental disabilities. So, if you know someone in your life who has a special needs child, it would help to learn more about their condition. Destigmatising special needs children is so important in order to give them a chance at flourishing in society. So, do your part today. And educating yourself more to create more awareness is the best first step you could take. Be the change you want to see.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice from Motherhood. For any health-related concerns, it is advisable to consult with a qualified healthcare professional or medical practitioner.
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